All-women team of IIT Delhi develops 'antifungal strategy' for fungal eye infection

In an effort to develop a better antifungal strategy for fungal keratitis, an all-women team of IIT Delhi researchers led by Professor Archana Chugh from Kusuma School of Biological Sciences has successfully developed a novel peptide-based antifungal strategy for enhanced Natamycin penetration.

The developed peptide-drug conjugate showed an appreciable antifungal effect in the lab.

As per an official release by the IIT, "India has a huge agrarian population, which is very prone to vegetative trauma while farming. Vegetative trauma to the eye is generally caused by infected vegetable matter such as plant leaves and often leads to fungal infection of the cornea in the eyes or fungal keratitis."

"According to the WHO, fungal keratitis is a leading cause of monocular blindness i.e, blindness in one eye, in the developing world. According to a recent study published in Lancet, the highest annual incidence per 1 lakh people is reported in Southern Asia and India accounts for more than 50 per cent of the fungal keratitis cases out of total microbial keratitis cases."

The IIT Delhi said currently, available drugs for fungal keratitis are less effective, especially in severe diseases due to poor drug penetration, poor bioavailability, and antifungal efficacy.

"US FDA-approved Natamycin is employed as a primary line of treatment for fungal keratitis but due to poor ocular penetration, it requires prolonged and frequent dosing, causing discomfort to patients," the institue said.

Professor Archana Chugh, Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, IIT Delhi said, "These peptides are known to have the ability to carry molecules with them in the cells. Therefore, when poorly permeable Natamycin was attached to the peptide, the formed complex showed better antifungal effect."

In their research study, the scientists found that "conjugate drug penetration was 5-fold higher than Natamycin in rabbits, thus enabling lowering of the dosage frequency".

"Further, 44 per cent of mice showed complete resolution of fungal infection with the novel conjugate as compared with 13 per cent of mice that were treated with Natamycin suspension only. The study has been recently published in the International Journal of Pharmaceutics," IIT Delhi said.

The animal studies were carried out in collaboration with Dr Shikha Yadav, Head of AnimalFacility at the National Institute of Biologicals, NOIDA. The research was initially funded by the Department of Biotechnology followed by Nanomission, the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, the release said.

Prof Chugh further said, "This is a great example of "Make in India"; however, a few hurdles persist for us before this novel conjugate can enter the clinics and is useful to patients. With promising results obtained in the animal studies, we are hopeful that the Biotechnology/ Pharmaceutical industry will come forward for its clinical trials."

Dr Sushmita G Shah, Ophthalmologist and Cornea Specialist, Eye Life, Mumbai said collaboration between Clinicians and Scientists is important to develop newer and better drugs, diagnostic devices, etc., which can improve patient care.